
Lower Specific Impulse vs. Liquid
- Less efficient combustion due to mixing limitations between solid fuel and liquid/gas oxidizer.
- 20% less than liquid propulsion

O/F Ratio Control
- Maintaining optimal oxidizer-to-fuel ratio throughout the burn is very challenging.
- Less precise control compared to liquid engines.

Regression Rate of Solid Fuel
- Lower burn rate of solid fuel can lead to lower thrust-to-weight ratios.
- Mixing and flame dynamics are less controlled than in liquid engines.
Performance challenges explored